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Women in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, are disproportionately affected by climate change impacts. Despite the intersection of these risks with gender inequalities, evidence on women’s knowledge, perceptions, and responses are limited. This study established baseline data on Indonesian women’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding climate change and its health impacts. A crosssectional 33-item survey adapted from the United Nations Development Programme’s Climate Change Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey was administered electronically and in person between July 2023 and May 2024. Descriptive statistics summarised responses, and Pearson’s chi-square tests assessed associations between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Among 941 participants, 723 (76.8%) were university graduates, 682 (66.0%) lived near disaster-prone areas, 576 (61.2%) were married, and 556 (59.1%) were employed. Educational level was significantly associated with knowledge of climate change causes and effects (p<0.001, 95% CI=0.000–0.000), whereas no demographic variables were associated with knowledge of climate-related health impacts. Awareness of gender-specific health risks remained low, with few participants recognising risks such as preterm birth (n=256; 27.2%) and increased vulnerability to sexual violence (n=119; 12.6%). Attitudes toward climate change were associated with education level (p<0.001, 95% CI=0.000–0.000) and place of residence (p=0.003, 95% CI=0.002–0.004). Engagement in mitigation practices was associated with occupation (p=0.003), marital status (p=0.018, 95% CI=0.015– 0.020), and education level (p<0.001, 95% CI=0.000–0.000), but not residence (p=0.661, 95% CI=0.652–0.670). Although Indonesian women expressed concern and motivation to address climate change, knowledge gaps exist regarding its gendered health impacts. Targeted climate–health communication and locally relevant adaptation strategies are needed to strengthen the resilience of women and children in vulnerable communities

Background: With increasing awareness that pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss threaten planetary health, nursing educators globally recognise their unique role in preparing the nursing workforce to engage in climate change mitigation and adaptation and build community climate resilience. While several nursing programs in high-income countries have begun integrating climate-related content, practical models from low- and middle-income settings remain scarce. In Indonesia, where no national standards require such content, this gap is particularly pronounced. Aims: To describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a novel elective subject, “Nursing Perspectives on Climate Change”, designed to prepare nursing students to contribute to climate-resilient healthcare through sustainable clinical practices, health education, and community adaptation. Design: A case study using the Design-Based Research framework. Settings: Universitas Indonesia. Participants: Bachelor-level students from nursing and other disciplines. Methods: The elective was developed for Bachelor of Nursing Program at a Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia using a six-phase design-based approach: Focus, Formulation, Contextualization, Definition, Implementation, and Evaluation. To evaluate student experience and learning outcomes, educators collected data from two cohorts: those enrolled in semester two of the academic year 2023/2024 and semester one of the academic year 2024/2025. Educators gathered data via university-administered learning evaluation surveys (N = 73) and semi-structured interviews (n = 12). Interview data were analysed thematically. Ethical approval was obtained from Universitas Indonesia no. ET207/UN2.F12.D1.2.1/PPM.00.02/2024. Results: Students rated the subject highly across both cohorts, with scores of 5.8/6 during the implementation phase (n = 34, response rate 80 %) and 5.75/6 during the evaluation phase (n = 39, response rate 95 %). Three themes were identified from the interview data: 1) paradigm shift on attitudes to climate change; 2) the value of diverse and participatory teaching methods; 3) recognition of the nurse's role in interdisciplinary climate action. Conclusion: This subject represents one of the first documented, student-informed climate change electives in nursing education in the Asia-Pacific region. It offers a replicable, context-sensitive model for integrating climate competencies into nursing curricula, addressing a critical global implementation gap. The subject equips future nurses with the knowledge and skills to advocate for sustainability, lead climate adaptation in clinical settings, and support climate-resilient healthcare systems.

Women, as primary caregivers, play a central role in promoting health in Indonesian households. Given the disproportionate vulnerabilities of women and children in the context of climate change, access to climate and health information is essential to help avoid illness during floods or heatwaves. Through semistructured interviews, women expressed concerns over the lack of accessible public information on climate change impacts, particularly regarding their children’s health, and emphasized the need for education on climate change’s health effects. Respiratory issues, skin conditions, and fatigue were commonly reported. Trusted sources of information included healthcare centres, the government, and community networks, with information delivery often via the Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency and community’s WhatsApp posts. The findings highlight the importance of leveraging community-based communication, particularly audio-visual and interactive methods, to improve women’s climate change education and preparedness at the local level